Sunday, December 29, 2019

Sex Without Disclosure By Persons Living With Hiv - 936 Words

Correspondingly, What happens if HIV positive individuals decide not to disclose their status to their sexual partners? How do the victims feel and what laws do they think should be set in place to prevent the transmission of HIV? K.J. Horvath, R.M. Weinmeyer, and B.R.S. Rosser (2010) examined the overall patterns and outlooks towards criminalization of non-disclose of men with HIV who have sex with other men. In the study the participants who were from different states were asked to complete a 70-minute survey over the course of a 3  ½ months which entailed accessing attitudes and high risk behavior. The goal of this study was to describe the overall pattern and predictors of attitudes toward criminalizing unprotected sex without disclosure by persons living with HIV among a broad sample of men who have sex with men living in the USA. The study found 65% thought it should be illegal for an HIV-positive person to have unprotected sex without disclosure, 23% thought it should not be illegal, and 12% were unsure. However, the results did not show that the justification of HIV Laws would lead to a decrease in the spread of the virus. â€Å"Items used for the purpose of this study were taken from a larger online survey of online and offline sexual attitudes and behaviors, substance use, and laws relevant to the GLBT community.† (p.1222) Additionally, What happens when a person’s HIV status is disclosed with or without their consent? Can the intent of the disclosure determine theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Status Disclosure From Hiv Positive Individuals1431 Words   |  6 Pagesexamine the impact of status disclosure from HIV positive individuals to their sexual partners and the affects associated with the disclosure. Mary O’ Grady (2011) Mary O’Grady measured a sample of 60 individuals (30 men and 30 women) and examined the disclosure of their HIV positive statuses to their sexual partners and the ethnics’ behind the disclos ure. She investigates the rights to self-preservation, privacy and confidentiality. The study found that such disclosure could result in negative impactsRead MoreEssay on The Controversy Over HIV/AIDS Disclosure Law1360 Words   |  6 Pageswith the HIV virus. About six percent of them will not inform their intimate partners about their health condition. Many efforts that have been made over the past decade towards establishing a HIV/AIDS law, have finally paid off. The act of disclosing the virus was written in 1990. It caused quite a stir among the citizens of the United States. Many people concluded that there were holes in the disclosure law concerning HIV/AIDS because it lacked complete thought. Some felt that if HIV positive peopleRead MoreEthical Dilemma of Hiv Disclosure in Intimate Relationships5638 Words   |  23 PagesHIV Prevention with Positives in Thailand: Ethical Dilemma of HIV Status Disclosure in intimate relationship. Abstract Every year, there are about ten thousand new HIV infection cases in Thailand. The majority of new HIV transmissions in Thailand have changed from commercial sex to intimate relationships while HIV prevention generally focuses on self protection and universal precaution. In 2003, Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommend to integrate HIV preventive measure into routineRead MoreEthics in Public Health Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesIn the last three decades HIV/ AIDS has become the one of the most notorious and widely spread diseases in the modern world. Its discovery in the late seventies prompted worldwide concern. The one thing that has become the most bothersome thing about the HIV/ AIDS epidemic is prevention. Prevention or stopping the transmission of the diseases is hindered by factors such as: denial or non-acceptance by infected persons, unsafe sex, and non-disclosure by infected persons to their at risk sexual partner(s)Read MoreThe Cultural Atmosphere Of South Afr ica1362 Words   |  6 Pagesperceptions as a collective, Elisa Longinett’s study of those living with HIV in South Africa examines the risk of volatile reactions found after sexual disclosure to their partners. What was found that the biggest indicator whether one would face volatile reactions were based upon their sex and their level of income: males with money were less at risk than males without, and males without high income were less likely than females without high income, there were little to no females to report in theRead MoreEssay on The Stigma Attached to HIV and AIDS1674 Words   |  7 PagesStigma and seroconversion are a few familiar words that come to mind when dealing with HIV/AIDS. These are a few processes that people go through when they are indentified as being HIV positive. This is when their life on whole comes into contrast. This is so because people often take things like sex for granted and it is because of this some can’t live a healthy l ifestyle. Just imagine finding out that you are positive. How will society accept you? What about the stigmatization that one goes throughRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Hiv And Hiv1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe first cases of AIDS that were reported in the United States began in the early 1980s. Today, more than 1.1 million people are living with HIV. In response to this HIV epidemic, at least 35 states have implemented HIV-specific criminal laws that penalize HIV-positive people for exposing others to the virus. These laws impose criminal penalties to HIV positive people that knowingly and potentially expose others to the virus. The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act, also knownRead MoreHiv / Aids And Its Effects On Society1500 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It can be transmitted through direct contact of a mucous member or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid and breast milk and through unprotected sex and needle sharing. An HIV test checks finding. Medications mayRead MoreHiv / Aids : The Virus And Its Effect On Human1501 Words   |  7 PagesHIV/AIDS: The Virus and Its Effect on Human HIV stands for (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). This virus causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and it means the person is in the most advanced stages of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It can be transmitted through direct contact of a mucous member or the bloodstream with a bodily fluid containing HIV, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluid, preseminal fluid and breast milk and through unprotectedRead MoreHiv / Aids : The Virus And Its Effect On Human1547 Words   |  7 Pages HIV/AIDS: The Virus and Its Effect on Human Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), and is the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS HIV/AIDS deteriorates a person s ability to fight infections. It is contracted through unprotected sex or needle sharing. An HIV test checks finding. Medications may subdue the virus and delay the onset of AIDS. HIV/AIDS has had a great impact on society, both as an illness and as a source clear-sightedness

Saturday, December 21, 2019

`` Courage Has No Color `` By Tanya Lee Stone - 1646 Words

A. My book is called â€Å"Courage Has No Color,† by Tanya Lee Stone. The time period was around 1940’s. - The real events was creating the first African American paratroops battalion,555th parachute infantry, the American Japanese war, franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president, WWII, WWI, atom bomb, Civil war, NAACP, Tuskegee airmen, smokejumpers, Japanese Balloon Bomb. - The real people who was mentioned in the book were: Walter Morris, President Roosevelt, Clarence Beavers, Colonel Howard Donovan Queen, A. Philip Randolph, William H. Hastie, General Ridgely Gaither, Henry Jones, Yancey William, Benjamin O. Davis, Roger Walden, Bradley Biggs, Elijah Wesby, Hubert Bridges, Leo Reed and McKinley Godfrey, Ted â€Å"Tiger† Lowry, Jesse Mayes,†¦show more content†¦Most of the Blacks who didn’t follow rules were in danger. There’s no discrimination because of race, creed, color, or national origin. Everyone was still treated differently especially the black people. At that time there were many great improvements that happened. Roosevelt promised that blacks would serve in all branches of the armed forces. Blacks should be given a chance to prove their mettle. After what Roosevelt did, southerners thought that she was the most dangerous individual in the United States. â€Å"Soldiers were fighting the world’s worst ra cist, Adolph Hitler, in the world’s most segregated,† historian Stephen Ambrose later wrote. The white people didn’t want the black people to be with them. They’re always treated as second-class citizen. The trailblazing black paratrooper students were completely segregated the white students on their posts. The black were in one section of Fort Benning, and the white were in another. They had nothing to do with the white soldiers; they had nothing to do with the black. Black people were also not allowed to go to the counter. They didn’t want them to stand in the line with the white trainees, so they had someone to bring them their food. There were also some other mistreatments going on. The Triple Nickles were barred from the posts main theater. Discrimination

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Logistic and Supply Chain Management Mc Donalds

Question: Discuss about theLogistic and Supply Chain Managementfor Mc Donald's. Answer: Introduction Globalization has forced every corporation to integrate and maximize its value from supply chain(Folinas, 2006). Supply chain can help a business generate tremendous amount of value by integration of key functions and maximizing their efficiency. The scope of this report is to study and analyze Mc Donalds supply chain management. Mc Donalds is a world renowned fast food chain company with its headquarters in Oak Brook, Illinois is USA. The report highlights manufacturing, production processes along with supply chain forecasting method that is used by the company to be a leading company in the industry(Ottenbacher, 2009). The company operates through franchise model and is based on economic, ethics and environment for creating sustainability for its business. The production processes of the company are depicted by aggregate production plan and master production schedule(Stadtler, 2015). Make processes of the company includes formally prepared plan so as to provide proper production sc heduling for catering diversified customer products. Though the company has integrated and dynamic supply chain but it needs to further enhance processes to be able to emerge as a leader in fast food chain business(Bosona, 2013). The report concludes with certain recommendations that the company can apply in order to maximize its efficiency further. The Key Flows in Supply Chain Mc Donalds is worlds largest fast food chain comprising of over 34,000 restaurants across 119 countries. The company formed in 940 as a barbecue restaurant by Richard and Maurice Mc Donald. Later the company business model was revolutionized using production and supply management principles. It was later in 1955 that Ray Kroc introduced the franchise business concept that greatly impacted revenue generation and return on capital. Figure 1: Key operators within McDonald's Supply Chain Source:(Marketrealist.com, Retrieved on 18th November 2016) The key flows in supply chain consist of suppliers, who provide necessary raw materials which are then processed by employees to provide finished products. Key flows that are necessities in supply chain comprises of product flow, information flow, cash flow and return flow. The description of each type of flow for the company is provided below; Product flow: In order to ensure that customers gets readily available food products at franchise stores of the fast food chain, the company has an integrated material, component, supplies and services(Walker, 2008). Each store has their designated suppliers who meet the requirements of the company. As quality of cheese, chicken, ham, bread and other raw materials is not made and is sourced; it needs to be of the highest quality. The system constitutes machineries that can fry potatoes and cutlets for its burgers and make other necessary fries of chicken, ham and so on. Service personnel within Mc Donalds team are trained for processes to handle the machineries and provide service to customers(Gold, 2010). Information flow: Stores of Mac Donalds provide necessary quotation for each type of raw material that it requires. Suppliers who are able to meet and deliver such requirements as provided by the company at requisite prices do so and deliver bills on monthly basis. There is a fixed quotation provided by each store according to their prerogatives so as to meet adequate customer demands. Post raw materials are processed on the machineries in the stores, they are delivered to their customers over the counter upon ordering. Some stores of Mc Donalds also provide home delivery systems to cater to additional number of customers(Ketchen, 2007). Cash flow: Stores of the company needs to make frequent payments to its suppliers for the raw materials and products they purchases. Customers at the company mostly pay in cash or by credit card transactions which gets diverted into bank account of the company. Every day after sales of its various products and from incoming raw materials a bill is raised, thereafter maintained in proper formats or software(Bevilacqua, 2009). Suppliers are generally paid in frequency on weeks, quarterly or monthly so as to maintain even flow of raw materials to the stores. Return flow: Return flow is a very important aspect at Mc Donalds stores across every franchise as tremendous amounts of food gets wasted. Wastage amounts to significant losses for the business and its processes are directed at reducing them so as to increase process efficiency. Wastages from production are generally recycled but wastages from customers are disposed. Mc Donalds supply chain follows stringent environmental norms in regards to treating waste and hence avoids any processes that might add significantly to pollution levels in soil, air or water(Carter, 2008). The Make Process Mc Donalds arranges raw materials from several suppliers according to their requirements and then processes the same. The make process of the company can be understood by its aggregate production plan (APP), master production schedule (MPS) and material requirement plan (MRP). Mc Donalds supply chain consists of direct and indirect suppliers. While direct suppliers supply necessary items to the stores. Indirect suppliers are the ones who supply through suppliers of distributors to the stores. While each type of supplier in the process is equally important for maintaining a smooth flow of products, to make them available and to supply customers better. Every step within the system of the stores or suppliers is customer driven, meaning regular feedback is received from customers regarding the quality of foods. The food served is hot and fresh which is also a prerequisite by the company, which increase customer loyalty to the brand name. Aggregate Production Plan (APP): It includes the various operational activities for the production in advance. Each franchise operated business of Mc Donalds are provided with a complete know-how in regards to various functioning of the business(Li, 2006). The APP of such reflects and provides idea to the management regarding quantities to order, resources to be used and procured, costs arising from operations, cost of labor and so on. This is a broad ranged plan that also includes inventory or stock levels for stores to be maintained over a time period and so on. Drawing upon this plan requires certain information regarding demand forecast in that particular area, information availability regarding resources, costs of resources and organizational policies. Thus, each store has their APP to help them function their businesses effectively(Fawcett, 2008). Figure 2 :Mc Donald's Supply Chain Source : (Marketrealist.com, Retrieved on 18th November 2016) Master Production Schedule (MPS): It is a schedule that depicts planning process for production related to individual commodities. It demonstrates demand related to each and every product, hence includes resources and processes that can optimize productions. It helps business take necessary steps to avoid bottlenecks. MPS includes processes and factors that have immense importance in production and can significantly improve profitability for the business. Every store and product of Mc Donalds has its standardized procedures that have pre determine MPS(Ganesan, 2009). Though it greatly varies across countries and franchise but there is a standard set which the business needs to comply with to maintain stabilize profitability and growth. Material Requirement Plan (MRP): It involves production planning, scheduling and inventory control systems. Stores and outlets of Mc Donalds determine their material requirement depends on basis of weekend or weekdays, festivals or carnival or regular timings. Demand at Mc Donalds store in airports is deemed to be higher than that in a regular store located at a highway. Similarly raw materials need to be planned, which is demonstrated in MRP(Maloni, 2006). Deviation in order quantities can occur and can significantly alter processes. But a standardized MRP helps in attaining of desired objectives for the company. The Supply Chain Forecasting Mc Donalds has a highly effective and efficient supply chain processes and capabilities which renders value and increases business more. It has a dynamic process of supply chain forecasting for catering to demand of the stores. Key processes of the business include product, process, cash and information flow is integrated into its business processes. The company serves around 70 million customers daily with their menu comprises of hamburgers, French fries, chicken, soft drinks, smoothies, breakfast items, deserts and so on(Folinas, 2006). The company has three legged structure with owner, supplier and employees. Suppliers have been provided appropriate and permissible levels for each type of food category. Every store has similar machineries and production processes throughout that is utilized to process food materials. The brand has immense focus on serving customers fresh and hot food at counters and chilled cold drinks. This is only possible due to its supply chain efficiency and production processes. The machineries are well maintained and the staff are highly trained that renders effectiveness to the system. The staffs have highest possible type of training in meeting customers with a smile and their valued product proposition. Each staff greets the customer every time he arrives at the counter. All stores of Mc Donalds is mostly self-serviced to further impact on customer service deliveries. The company boasts of its highly integrated and effective supply chain management systems and it claims to serve a 1% of global population every day. The key processes within the company are aligned to meet suppliers products such that production can function smoothly and effectively. Customers have high demand for high-quality in services; hence they will prefer a product more that meets their requirements(Tseng, 2009). Inability to predict supply chain forecasting can have financial catastrophic results. Customers at Mc Donalds do not expect to wait in long queues for their meals to be served. Hence, Mc Donalds needs to schedule enough stock of food and supplies for food production for a high-quality service. Inability to forecast and predict might lead to breakdown of systems. Mc Donalds has a high efficient quantitative forecasting method. It has been ranked number 3 in Gartner Supply Chain Top 25. The restaurant chain maintains a fine balance in new product development and existing complexities in supply chain planning. With no factories or distribution centers, it has outsourced productions to the tune of 100%(Seuring, 2008). It consists of 16 major suppliers, with KPI being, no item may ever be out of stock. The company uses JDA Manugistic 7 application for forecasting. The software uses relevant data pertaining to point-of-sale (POS) data, stock levels, product list, and inventory and shipment information to forecast measures. Supply chain methods at various restaurants include proper inventory management. Inventory of the company is expected to store both perishable as well as non-perishable goods such that it can maintain steady flow of customer demands. Through proper inventory management the company is able to meet its forecasting targets. It has one of the most effective strategies in regards to its inventory and entire suppliers. The software helps predict accurately required quantities of raw materials for catering to demands at a particular point in time. The software also allows forecasting demand which is ordered accordingly. Often combined effort from service staffs as well as the software is used to attend to demand specifics and make appropriate forecasting solutions. Conclusion Mc Donalds maintains a highly effective and efficient supply chain management functions which is demonstrated by their capabilities to make adequate forecasting. With totally outsourced processes and techniques it is able to achieve immense efficiency in its various production processes and systems. It operates with its steady and fixed suppliers, vendors and manufacturers such that quality of its product remains uncompromised. It attains to quality standards as specified by industry and caters to highest service quality. Thus, the company is one of the largest and most profitable fast food business chains. The best methods that is followed and adopted by Mc Donalds is in regards to its forecasting methods apart from production and other processes. But it needs to further improvise its lean manufacturing techniques to reduce any sort of redundancies in production. Wastage is a major issue that impacts its business processes lowering its profitability. With proper scheduling and inven tory management systems it is possible to overcome any issues related to supply chain. But even with current processes and systems there is a tremendous value that is derived from its supply chain processes. References Bevilacqua, M. C. (2009). Business process reengineering of a supply chain and a traceability system: A case study. . Journal of Food Engineering, 13-22. Bosona, T. . (2013). Food traceability as an integral part of logistics management in food and agricultural supply chain. . Food Control, 32-48. Carter, C. R. (2008). A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory. . International journal of physical distribution logistics management, 360-387. Fawcett, S. E. (2008). Benefits, barriers, and bridges to effective supply chain management. . Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 35-48. Folinas, D. M. (2006). Traceability data management for food chains. . British Food Journal, 622-633. Ganesan, S. G. (2009). Supply chain management and retailer performance: emerging trends, issues, and implications for research and practice. . Journal of Retailing, 84-94. Gold, S. S. (2010). Sustainable supply chain management and inter?organizational resources: a literature review. Corporate social responsibility and environmental management, 230-245. Ketchen, D. J. (2007). Bridging organization theory and supply chain management: The case of best value supply chains. . Journal of Operations Management, 573-580. Li, S. R.-N.-N. (2006). The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance. . Omega, 107-124. Maloni, M. J. (2006). Corporate social responsibility in the supply chain: an application in the food industry. . Journal of business ethics, 35-52. Marketrealist.com. (Retrieved on 18th November 2016). Mc Donald's Supply Chian. https://marketrealist.com/2013/12/mcds-food-come-exploring-supply-chain/. Ottenbacher, M. C. (2009). The product innovation process of quick-service restaurant chains. . International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 523-541. Seuring, S. . (2008). From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management. . Journal of cleaner production, 1699-1710. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tseng, M. L. (2009). Selection of optimal supplier in supply chain management strategy with analytic network process and choquet integral. . Computers Industrial Engineering, 330-340. Walker, H. D. (2008). Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors. . Journal of purchasing and supply management, 69-85.